抄録

本稿は中高等教育修了者の就職状況が著しく悪化し,すでに就職していた官公庁・民間企業の職員層の解雇も増加した状況の下で,1929年度から開始された小額給料生活者失業救済事業について,その立案過程・実施過程の特徴を実証的に検討したものである.本稿の分析の結果,失業職員層を対象としたこの事業は,日雇失業者を対象とした失業救済事業とはその内容・性格が大きく異ならざるをえなかったことが明らかになり,失業対策を労働者の階層性,労働市場の分断性を考慮せずに論じることはできないことが確認できた.また,結果的に見れば,失業問題打開のために中高等教育修了者数を減少させよとする財界の主張が実現せず,日中戦争前後の景気回復の中で職員層失業問題がなし崩し的に解消されたのであるから,この事業は客観的には,職員層の失業問題の深刻化を部分的に抑えつつ,景気回復までの時間稼ぎの意味を持ったと位置付けることができる.

abstract

This paper investigates into the planning and the management of the relief program for unemployed white-collar workers in Japan, which started in 1929 when new graduates from higher education had much difficulty to find jobs and many white-collar workers lost their positionsunder economic depression. The analysis shows that this program was considerably different from the relief scheme forunemployed casual workers which was estimated as a preceding model of the program. This means that the relief policy for the unemployed should not be discussed without thinking of the difference of social stratum of unemployed workers. The relief program for unemployed white-collar workers was so limited in its size that itcould help only a small part of them. The role which the program played was not so significantas relief scheme for the casual workers. It served as lip comfort during the period when peoplewaited for the coming of the economic recovery.