抄録

　本稿は,1948年から1950年にかけて行われた「共産主義的」大学教員の追放(レッド・パージ)を,いわゆる占領政策の「逆コース」の一例として検討する.本稿は,レッド・パージは,米国の対日政策の変化によるものではなく,むしろ日本主導で行われたと考える.反共主義は1946年以降,教育行政の思想においては不可欠の要素であった.しかしながら,反共主義が処罰的行動へと直結したわけではない.政治色よりも大学での地位の低さといった要素が個人の追放の決定要因になったことは,追放が単に上からの命令によるものではなかったことを示唆している.本稿は,旧制弘前高校の哲学講師と京都府立医科大学の解剖学教授のふたつの追放の事例からこれを証明するものである.「逆コース」を従来の研究のようにとらえれば,日米それぞれの担当者が占領政策にいかなる貢献をしたのかが見落とされることになる.占領政策の形成に日本がいかなる役割を果たしたのかを明らかにするためには,中堅,下層レベルの行動を考慮に入れて占領期の正確な実像を描く必要がある.

abstract

This paper examines the dismissals of allegedly Communist teaching staff at Japanese universities between 1948 and 1950 ('red purge') as one example of developments usually attributed to a 'reverse course'in occupation policy. It argues that the red purge came about less as a result of a change in US policy, than through Japanese initiative. Based on primary source material, this paper shows that anti-Communism had been an integral part of the thinking of the Occupation's education administrators since 1946. They were, however, careful not to translate this thinking into victimizing action. Rather, a quantitative analysis indicates that, in bringing about an individual's dismissal, factors such as low academic standing were more decisive than political involvement, implying that the purges were not simply ordered from above. Two case studies of purgees, one a philosophy lecturer from Hirosaki Higher School and the other a professor of anatomy at Kyoto Prefectural School of Medicine, serve to corroborate these findings. Assumptions about a reverse course have led to false conceptions about the respective contribution of US and Japanese administrators to late occupation policies. An accurate assessment of the occupation period requires that historians take into account lower-level events and decisions in order to gauge better Japan's role in shaping occupation policy.