抄録

　本稿では，J.E. ミードと J. ロールズの著作の間の影響について概観する．特に，ミードのEfficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property がロールズの『正義論』でどのように受容されているのか，また，『正義論』をうけて執筆されたミードの『公正な経済』にどのような影響が見られるのかを検討する．さらに，ミードの研究の特徴でもある，異時点間での人口変動と，同時点（同世代）での人々の間で生じる格差に関する視点をとりあげ，ミードの研究以降にみられる人口問題に関する厚生経済学の展開についても簡単に概観する．特に，現在の人口倫理学で用いられる中立効用水準の概念に相当するものをミードが持ち合わせていた点など，ミードが提示する分析枠組みの際立った特徴について議論する．

abstract

This paper presents an overview of works by J. E. Meade and discusses how Meade and J. Rawls are mutually influenced in their works. Specifically, I look into how the work of Meade, Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property, influenced on the celebrated work by Rawls, A Theory of Justice. Furthermore, I discuss how Meade was influenced by Rawls in his book, The Just Economy, that was published after A Theory of Justice. An outstanding feature of a series of researches by Meade is his explicit modeling and discussion of intertemporal demographic changes and inequality between people alive in the same generation. This paper is also intended to briefly review the development of a normative and theoretical analysis of population issues in welfare economics that was established after the works of Meade. In particular, it will be pointed out that the notion of neutral utility level, a requisite concept for discussing population issues, already appeared in Meade’s discussion.