抄録

　1950年5月1日，中華人民共和国の初めての法律として，「中華人民共和国婚姻法」が正式に公布された．「婚姻法」の実施には，伝統心性と新しい婚姻観念との衝突が伴っていた．1953 年に貫徹婚姻法運動が行われてから，「婚姻法」と新しい婚姻観念が次第に広がっていって，民衆は法律や政策に基づいて自らの権利を主張したり，ひいては欲望を満たしたりするために，その積極性と主体性を見せた．また，「婚姻法」実施が生じた社会問題は生産動員を制約する要素となった．若者の恋愛・婚姻に関する問題を処理する際に，常に階級イデオロギーや政治運動の要素が交えられた．一方で，政府と組織は法律の正当性を慎重に維持して，貫徹婚姻法運動を推進しようとした．1950 年「婚姻法」実施は人民共和国初期，法律の施行と伝統，政治との衝突を集約に表した．

abstract

As the first basic law of the PRC, the launching of the Marriage Law on 1 May 1950 reflects the CCP’s attempt to move the model of state running from the ‘Yan’an Way’ to institutionalisation and standardisation. However, its promulgation led to a tension between tradition, politics and rule of law, featured by the discord between politicised social governance and mobilisation of production. Due to the urgent demand on economic recovery, the promulgation of the Marriage Law often had to make place for the mobilisation of production when it appeared as constraints to the latter in local society. Furthermore, the practice of grassroots government and the purpose of state leadership also conflicted at times. When the state was to construct the authority and legitimacy of the Marriage Law under the new principle of rule of law, the treatment of specific cases often affected by class ideology that inherited from previous political campaigns. Within the highly politicised context, however, individual people also started to accept the new ideology indoctrinated in the Marriage Law, actively resorting to it to defend their legal rights and interests.